What is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and development. Common Thyroid Disorders Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) Thyroid nodules or goiters Thyroid cancer Treatment Options Treatment for thyroid disorders may include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery (thyroidectomy), depending on the specific condition and its severity.