What is Head & Neck Cancer Surgery? Head and neck cancer surgery is a treatment approach for cancers that originate in the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, larynx (voice box), sinuses, and salivary glands. The type of surgery performed depends on the location, stage, and extent of the cancer. Common Head & Neck Cancer Surgeries Tumor removal (resection) Lymph node dissection Reconstructive surgery Laryngectomy (removal of the larynx)